By
Stretching over 500 kilometres, the New Zealand Southern Alps start from the northernmost point in Nelson Lakes National Park and extend all the way to the southern end in Fiordland. This spectacular geological formation is more than just a mountain range; it's the heart and soul of the South Island, offering a dramatic backdrop to some of the country's most breathtaking landscapes.
The Formation of the Southern Alps
These glorious alps owe their existence to the restless shifting of Earth's tectonic plates. Over millions of years, the Pacific and Indo-Australian plates have been pushing against each other, causing the land to crumple upwards and form this majestic range of mountains in New Zealand. Today, these peaks continue to rise, moulded by natural forces, reminding us of the power and beauty of Mother Nature.
Geographical Overview
Mountain Ranges and Peaks
Brimming with more than 3,000 glaciers, the Southern Alps boasts 16 peaks that soar over 3,000 metres, with Aoraki/Mount Cook standing as the tallest at an awe-inspiring 3,724 metres. Climbers and mountaineers from around the world have been beckoned by these peaks, with their snowy mantles and challenging terrains, but remember that these areas require preparation and respect for the power of the natural world.
Glaciers of the Southern Alps
One of the defining features of the Southern Alps is its incredible glaciers. The Tasman Glacier, the longest in New Zealand, and the Franz Josef and Fox Glaciers, which descend into temperate rainforest, are amongst the most accessible and renowned. These icy wonders provide a window into our planet's geological past, offering insights and incredible vistas to those who visit.
The Alpine Lakes
The Southern Alps also cradle some of New Zealand's most picturesque alpine lakes. Lakes Tekapo, Pukaki, and Wanaka, blessed with crystalline waters that mirror the sky, are revered for their breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains. Lake Tekapo, part of the UNESCO Dark Sky Reserve, is also a fantastic spot for stargazing. These lakes contribute to the diverse ecosystem of the Southern Alps, providing habitats for a variety of species and stunning landscapes for outdoor enthusiasts.
Flora and Fauna
Unique Alpine Plant Species
A journey through the Southern Alps outdoors unveils a spectacular array of plant species. From hardy tussock grasslands and herbfields, thriving despite the harsh alpine conditions, to dense beech forests that dominate lower altitudes, the plant life here is as varied as it is beautiful. Look out for the edelweiss and Mount Cook lily (Ranunculus lyallii), New Zealand's largest buttercup, and a species endemic to these mountains.
Wildlife in the Alps
Beyond the botanical splendours, the Southern Alps are home to an array of wildlife. Keep an eye out for the mischievous kea, the world's only alpine parrot, known for its intelligence and curiosity. Look skyward for the majestic sight of New Zealand falcons (Kārearea) soaring above, or tread softly by rivers, and you may spot the rare and endangered whio, or blue duck.
Exploring the Southern Alps
Best Times to Visit
The beauty of the Southern Alps can be experienced all year round. Summer (December to February) brings vibrant colours and perfect conditions for hiking, while winter (June to August) transforms the alps into a snowy paradise, attracting skiers and snowboarders from around the world.
Spring (September to November) witnesses a burst of alpine flowers, whereas autumn (March to May) offers a stunning palette of golden hues, making it a photographer's dream. No matter the season, the Southern Alps will dazzle you with its varying charm.
Key Destinations
Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park
Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, the crown jewel of the Southern Alps, is home to the highest mountains and the largest glaciers. The park offers plenty of walking and hiking trails, such as the Hooker Valley Track, that provide stunning vistas of the park's majestic features. At the end of the day, unwind at the Hermitage Hotel with its spectacular views of Mount Cook.
Arthur's Pass National Park
Arthur's Pass, a remarkable blend of montane ecosystems, high mountains, and deep gorges, is an adventurer's paradise. Here, you can conquer challenging trails or simply appreciate the beauty from scenic drives. Be sure to check out the Arthur's Pass Walking Track to immerse yourself in the remarkable natural splendour.
Westland Tai Poutini National Park
Located on the western side of the Southern Alps, this park is home to Franz Josef and Fox Glaciers, two of the most accessible glaciers in the world. Guided walks allow you to traverse these icy landscapes safely, offering an unforgettable experience.
The Routeburn Track
One of New Zealand's Great Walks, the Routeburn Track, winds through the heart of the Southern Alps, presenting hikers with some of the most diverse and stunning landscapes. This 32-kilometre trail traverses two national parks, offering unforgettable sights, such as the majestic Routeburn Falls.
Adventures and Activities
Hiking and Mountaineering
With a myriad of trails ranging from leisurely walks to challenging ascents, the Southern Alps is a haven for hiking and mountaineering enthusiasts. Always ensure you're well-prepared and informed about the weather and trail conditions before setting off.
Skiing and Snowboarding
Winter transforms the Southern Alps into a world-class skiing destination. Resorts such as Mt Hutt, Treble Cone, and Cardrona Alpine Resort offer excellent slopes for both beginners and seasoned professionals.
Photography and Star Gazing
The Southern Alps offer countless photogenic landscapes, from the early morning Alpen glow on the peaks to the shimmering lakes at dusk. Moreover, areas like the Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park form part of the Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve, offering pristine conditions for stargazing and astrophotography.
Scenic Flights
For an aerial perspective of the Southern Alps, consider a scenic flight. Witness the grandeur of the mountains, glaciers, and lakes from above - a breathtaking experience that allows you to appreciate the sheer scale and beauty of these landscapes.
Local Culture and History
Māori Legends and the Southern Alps
For Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, the Southern Alps, or Kā Tiritiri o te Moana, hold profound cultural significance. According to legend, Aoraki and his three brothers were the sons of Rakinui, the Sky Father. Their canoe was stranded on a reef and when they climbed on top, the cold south wind froze them, turning them into stone and creating the Southern Alps.
Historical Significance
From the era of Māori Ngāi Tahu iwi, who journeyed through the alps in search of pounamu (greenstone), to European explorers and settlers drawn by the allure of gold and pastureland, the Southern Alps are steeped in rich history. The region's past is as layered and intriguing as its landscapes, making it a fascinating destination for history enthusiasts.
Accommodation and Cuisine
Where to Stay
The Southern Alps offer a wide range of accommodation options to suit different preferences. For those seeking luxury, The Lindis, nestled amidst the Ahuriri Valley, is an exceptional choice. Budget travellers and backpackers will find numerous hostels and campsites, such as the Mount Cook Lodge and Holiday Park, throughout the region.
Local Cuisine
New Zealand's South Island offers a culinary scene as impressive as its landscapes. In the Southern Alps, you'll find everything from gourmet dining experiences to hearty pub meals. Be sure to sample locally sourced delicacies like Canterbury lamb, Bluff oysters, and Southland cheese rolls. And of course, pair these dishes with world-class Central Otago Pinot Noir or craft beers from one of the many local breweries.
Final Thoughts
The Southern Alps of New Zealand offer more than just picturesque scenery - they are a hub of adventure, teeming with unique flora and fauna, and steeped in fascinating history and culture.
This magnificent mountain range is a testament to the dynamic and awe-inspiring nature of our planet. Exploring it is a journey that moves beyond the physical to touch the spiritual, leaving visitors with an enduring sense of wonder and appreciation for the natural world.
No matter where you start or finish your journey in the Southern Alps, every turn, every peak, every valley is an opportunity to create unforgettable memories. So pack your bags, hire a campervan in New Zealand, and embark on an adventure of a lifetime in the stunning landscapes of the New Zealand Southern Alps.
Safe travels, whānau!
